| Pediculosis capitis is a great health issue around the world. This study was conducted aimed to regulate the prevalence of head lice infestation in students and some associated factors in rural areas of Paveh County, Kermanshah province. This was a cross-sectional study that carried out in 5 villages of rural areas of Paveh County including Nouryab, Galal-e, Nejjar, Worrah and Daryan. Four hundred eighty five pupils include all female students in five studied villages were investigated. The results, were recorded in a questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS ver. 16. Totally, 85 (17.5%) of the examined girls were infested to pediculosis capitis. The children aged 10-11 years old had the highest (49.4%) infestation and children ≥ 12 years old had the least head louse infestation. There was a statistically significant association between head louse infestation and level of parents’ schooling, frequency of hair washing and sharing of common comb (p<0.05). The results of the study indicated, the prevalence rate of head louse infestation in this region is high, so effective health training courses related to head louse infestation and its effects on health of the pupils and their families are suggested |