| Abstract Aim: blood transfusion is one of the most effective ways of HTLV and HCV transmission, so routine screening of blood donors is essential to reduce the risk of transmission. HCV virus is associated with liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma and HTLV virus is associated with diseases of ATL, HAM / TSP and HAU. As these viruses have high prevalence in Iraq, in the neighborhood of Kermanshah, it is essential to conduct a study on the prevalence of this virus among blood donors in Kermanshah to increase the safety of blood transfusion. Material and Method: In this study, 470 blood donors referred for the first time to blood transfusion organization were randomly selected and they were examined through ELISA screening test and Western confirmatory test for HTLV and ELISA screening test and RIBA confirmatory test for HCV virus. Demographic data were separately recorded in each individual file. Results were statistically analyzed using SPSS 16 software. Results: 90% of blood donors were male and 10% of them female. Most of them (42.1 percent) were in the age group of 20-29 years. Only one case (0.2%) had positive result by ELISA method for HTLV, but it became negative by Western blot method and one person (0.2%) had positive result by using ELISA method and RIBA confirmatory test for HCV. Discussion: according to the results of this study, it seems that the prevalence of HTLV and HCV is not high among blood donors in Kermanshah. However, due to need to prevent the transmission of infection through blood transfusion, screening the blood donors with high-risk behavior (having Tattoo, having multiple sexual partners, intravenous administration of drugs, surgery) in terms of HTLV and screening all blood donors in terms of HCV are recommended. Keywords Prevalence; Blood Transfusion; HTLV; HCV; Kermanshah Journal of |